Mortgage Basics
Choosing to obtain a mortgage is an important and significant decision. It costs money both when the mortgage is obtained, and throughout the life of the loan in the form of interest. It also results in a large monthly expense. Therefore, the borrower should carefully choose where to purchase a loan as well as what type of loan program to choose.
As you compare mortgages, you’ll want to understand some basic terms: mortgage, rate, monthly payment, closing costs, APR, ARM, and fixed.
What is a mortgage? A mortgage is a loan that uses your home as collateral. This means the mortgage owner can take possession of your house if you default on the terms of your loan. Mortgages are used to pay off existing mortgages (this is called a refinance) or to purchase homes.
The term “rate” refers to the percentage used in calculating the amount of interest you’ll pay for your loan. The interest is essentially your cost for borrowing money. If the interest rate remains the same throughout the loan term, then the mortgage is considered a “fixed-rate” loan. On the other hand, if the rate can change, then the mortgage is called an adjustable rate mortgage or an ARM.
While interest is the cost of borrowing money, there are additional costs associated with the mortgage application process. These costs are called “closing costs”. They include fees for checking your credit history and scores, applying for the mortgage, verifying that you qualify for a specific loan program (this is called underwriting), originating the loan, title search and insurance, and having the property’s value appraised.
While the interest rate is an important number, by itself it is insufficient for comparing lenders. This is because lenders and brokers can charge different fees, making a loan from Lender A actually less expensive than from Lender B, even though it has a higher interest rate. In order to help provide a number that can be compared across lenders, the government has regulated that closing costs be added to the loan amount to determine what is known as the Annual Percentage Rate or APR.
Besides looking at the APR, you’ll want to pay attention to the total monthly payment that you will owe. Besides including principal and interest, this amount includes property taxes, hazard or homeowner’s insurance, mortgage insurance, and HOA dues. Mortgage insurance is independent of interest rate, and when factored into your monthly costs, could result in a loan program with a higher interest rate having a lower monthly payment than a loan with a lower interest rate.
